Interaction between Implant Surface Topography and Cells Surrounding the Implant at the Early Stage of Osseointegration

Abstract

Recently, the contribution of osteoclastogenesis control through immune receptors and the involvement of immune cells in bone metabolism control have been recognized. The presence of stem cells in peripheral blood has also been confirmed. On the other hand, the detailed mechanisms of local osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast homing from remote areas are yet to be elucidated. Clinically, improvements of implant surface topography are contributing to the rapid establishment of osseointegration. However, detailed tissue reactions around the implants at the early stage of osseointegration are still unknown and there are still many challenges to improving clinical outcomes.

Bone mass is known to represent the balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and the bone resorption activities of osteoclasts. The importance of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in the process of osseointegration has not been widely considered. In this study, cell culture was used to verify the hypothesis that the function of implant-adherent bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in osteoclastogenesis is influenced by surface topography. Differences in surface topography altered the phenotype of BMSCs and influenced osteoclastogenesis of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). In conclusion, this study revealed that surface topography-specific alterations in the function of BMSCs influenced cell culture-mediated BMMsderived osteoclastogenesis and demonstrated that surface topography influences local cells in vivo as well. Local signaling by implant-adherent cells at the implant–bone interface may indirectly control osteoclastogenesis and bone accrual around endosseous implants. This research may lead to future clarification of implant related bone biology.