2026 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 39-47
Objectives：The objective of this study was to clarify the effects of surface pretreatment on the retention of zirconia crowns on titanium abutments. Zirconia specimens with alumina blasting and multi-primer pretreatment were bonded to titanium substrate using resin cement, and their shear bond strength was examined.
Methods：Zirconia specimens were bonded to titanium substrate with composite resin cement. Titanium substrates were embedded in epoxy resin and polished. Zirconia specimens were prepared by mechanically sectioning from discs and sintering, and half were subjected to alumina blasting. A primer containing phosphate ester monomer and silane coupling agents was applied to both the titanium substrates and zirconia specimens prior to bonding with composite resin cement. The bonded samples were stored in water at 37℃ for 7 days before shear bond strength testing. Fracture surfaces were examined by optical microscopy, with selected samples further analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）.
Results：There was no significant difference in shear bond strength between specimens with and without alumina blasting. However, a significant increase in bond strength was observed in the multi-primer-pretreated zirconia group. Fracture mode analysis showed increased adhesive failure between the composite resin cement and the titanium substrate in primerpretreated samples. XPS analysis confirmed the presence of phosphate ester monomer and silane coupling agents in the primer, suggesting variation in surface reactivity between the zirconia specimen and titanium substrate.
Conclusion：Surface pretreating zirconia with a primer containing phosphate ester monomers significantly improved its reactivity for composite resin cement, leading to greater bond strength.
