Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome is a pathological condition with quantitative and qualitative dysplasia in three blood cell lines due to abnormalities of pluripotent stem cells, and it is likely to advance to leukemia. The disease may occur after chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy for malignant tumors and is therefore called therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome （t-MDS）. We report a case of t-MDS following chemoradiotherapy for tongue squamous cell carcinoma. A 52-year-old man with tongue carcinoma （T4aN2bM0 stage Ⅳ） underwent surgery after chemotherapy （TPF therapy）. Postoperative chemoradiotherapy was performed for extranodal invasion in the cervical lymph node metastases. Three years and three months after completion of the primary treatment, the patient died of t-MDS. Thus, oral cancer patients who have undergone chemotherapy/radiotherapy should be followed up for a long period of time in consideration of t-MDS.
