Evaluation of Fetal Cardiac Function and Dysfunction

Abstract

Fetal cardiac dysfunction differs from that in adults. Fetal hydrops is the last stage of fetal cardiac dysfunction; however, cardiac dysfunction does not necessarily occur simultaneously with fetal hydrops. A profound knowledge of fetal circulation and physiology is essential for comprehending the complexities of the fetal condition. Of the several parameters for evaluating fetal systolic, diastolic, and overall cardiac function, cardiovascular profile score (CVPS) is the most prominent. This score includes both arterial and venous Doppler patterns, in addition to fetal cardiac function. Assessment of each condition necessitates consideration of fetal physiology and etiology. In cases of high output status, cardiac output is the key factor, whereas conditions, such as Ebstein’s disease warrant attention to the Tei index and maximum velocity of tricuspid regurgitation. Proactive management of infants before the onset of fetal hydrops is preferable, notwithstanding the simultaneous concern of prematurity.