Abstract
Patient 1 was diagnosed as having stage 3 rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) at age three. She achieved complete remission with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery. Six months after the completion of treatment, she developed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and received chemotherapy with allogenic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (SCT) from her mother. She has been in remission for the past 13 years. Patient 2 with stage 3 RMS also achieved complete remission with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery at age three. RMS relapsed at age five, but the patient again achieved complete remission with chemotherapy, surgery and proton radiotherapy. Six months after the completion of treatment, he developed AML and received chemotherapy with allogenic SCT from his father. He has been in remission for the past three years. Secondary AML is difficult to treat, but performing hematopoietic SCT directly after obtaining early remission with chemotherapy may improve prognosis.
