2019 Volume 56 Issue 5 Pages 474-477
The number of cases in which haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Haplo-HSCT) is performed in anticipation of a very strong graft versus leukemia (GVL) response for high-risk pediatric hematologic malignancies is increasing. However, it is known that extramedullary relapse (EMR) occurs after Haplo-HSCT, because the effectiveness of GVL is reduced. We encountered an acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patient with multiple EMRs after related Haplo-HSCT. There are Haplo-HSCT cases in which leukemic cells escaped from graft surveillance recur from EMR, and it is known that the long-term prognosis of patients with EMR after Haplo-HSCT is poor. After Haplo-HSCT, careful follow up for not only bone marrow relapse but also EMR with imaging studies should be conducted.
