Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) increases the risk of cholelithiasis. Herein, we describe the case of an acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patient presenting with hepatic dysfunction secondary to cholelithiasis during extensive chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD) following two courses of HSCT. Following a second relapse, haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) induced complete remission. One year following PBSCT, the patient presented with abdominal pain and elevation of levels of serum transaminase and biliary enzymes. Although hepatic dysfunction was suspected to be due to extensive chronic GVHD, abdominal ultrasonography, however, revealed multiple gallstones, and she was diagnosed as having symptomatic cholelithiasis. Conservative therapy aided her recovery, and follow-up by regular abdominal ultrasonography was conducted. Risk factors for pediatric cholelithiasis following HSCT include multiple courses of HSCT, donor–recipient human leukocyte antigen mismatch, and GVHD. For patients who have undergone HSCT and have multiple risk factors for cholelithiasis, it is necessary to consider aggressive abdominal ultrasonography because of its convenience and non-invasiveness.
