Industry 4.0 in the water area survey

Abstract

The precision and efficiency of survey technology in water area has advanced drastically due to innovation of sensor technology such as digital camera and GNSS. Each Observation instrument used in the field has a habit, and the accuracy of the result may be debatable. This is the same in the natural environment. For this reason, it is necessary for engineers to acquire the ability to evaluate the results of survey sufficiently by understanding observation instruments and local characteristics at the field.