Shock-Wave Heating Chondrule Formation Model: Generation of Shock Waves at Upper Layer of Solar Nebula by X-Ray Flares and Expanding Magnetic Bubbles

Abstract

Shock-wave heating model is one of the plausible models for chondrule formation, though the generation of shock waves has not been understood clearly. In this study, we examine whether the shock waves in the solar nebula are generated by X-ray flares. We have conducted MHD simulations of X-ray flares, and found that shock waves of several tens km/s of velocity could be generated at the upper layer of the solar nebula. Such shock conditions at the upper layer of the nebula seem to be appropriate for chondrule formation.