Abstract
In the first half of this paper, we trace the relation of sociology, psychology, and psychoanalysis in the history of sociology. In the first section, the position of psychology among the works of sociologists of early times is elucidated. In the second section, we show that the psychological uneasiness that arose due to the collapse of mediated relation introduced the viewpoints of psychology and psychoanalysis into sociology. In the third section, various trends of psychologized societies in the post-war United States are explained from the viewpoint of the selfreference of self-construction. In addition, in the fourth section, we discuss the self, as described by Giddens and Beck, and the difference between their viewpoints and those of theories on psychologized society.
In the second half of this paper, we first analyze psychologization as the knowledge and technique through which we rebuilt the society (the social) when individualization began. We show that it began in 1968 and that the ideology in 1968 has become "the spirit of new capitalism" (Boltanski and Chiapello). Second, we describe how, due to the lack of tradition, psychologization initially spread in the United States as a resource for building a new society. Third, we point out that in Japan, psychologization has occurred only in marginal domains such as religion and sub-culture because a welfare state has not been constructed satisfactorily in Japan and individual independence has not been fully supported.
