Abstract
The sociological propositions about the context, so indespensable properties of interaction, and the problem of subjectivity which originated in M. Weber's subjective meaning of action provide common starting points not for the theme of phenomenological sociology and ethnomethodology alone, but also for the theories of T. Parsons.
Parsons' concern with the problem of subjectivity derives from considerations of subjective categories relating to Kantian reason. These categories are analytical elements as transcendental normative condition to articulate the structure of social action. Moreover, they are incorrigibly appropriate to all actions against Parsons' claim to the “double contingency”. The structural analysis to use the analytical elements could be called the correspondence theory in that there must be a correspondence between the factual reality and the analytical reality. This analytical reality, however, can be constructed only by theorizing or by analyzing based on the sociologists' view points. Though it is worth consideration to protect the scientific objectivity, the problem of subjectivity seems unable to be solved by a tendency to lay it down as a infallible criterion that “les manières de penser auxquelles it est la plus fait sont plutot contraires que favorables a l'étude scientifique des phenomenes sociaux”.
On the contrary, ethnomethodology defines social action in terms of the contingent “accomplishment” that, holding a conceptual difference from the analytical elements, consists of members' reflexive using ethnographies or socio-cultural norms. It is each concerted accomplishment or formulating on the particular contexts that organizes the accountably rational structure of the empirical reality which is determinable independently of the analytical reality. Ethnomethodology thus investigates member's methods and practical reasonings for making a correspondence of the empirical reality with the factual reality.
This paper will suggest that the method analysis denotes a right way for solving the problem of subjectivity.
