Abstract
Social groups as basic family aggregation which are universally seen in Japanese village communities are the “dôzoku-dan” (the extended family system) and the “shinzoku-shûdan” (family association of the same kin of wife's side). Generally each families is placed on a knot of the network formed of these two kinds of family aggregation, or it belongs to the one of the two. In the study of the Japanese villages, therefore, it is inevitable to examine these basic social relationship which constitute of the inner structure of a village community. It is though that in the plot of analysis of village community heretofore much attention has been paid to make types of the form of being of the village community, and actually the remarkable achievements has been done in this direction. However, still remain the questions on the relative structure between the organizations of the extended families, on the relation of the dôzoku-dan with the shinzoku-shûdan, and on the, difference of their functions.
For the purpose of gripping the actual condition of fishing villages where the connection of the organizations of the extended families are becoming loose and their functions being enervated, I accordingly attempted the consideration from this point of view with the shinzoku-shûdan as the object of the study, focusing on its “matrimonial relationship.”
Date and Process of the Study.
1) Field : Hokkawa, Kito village, Kamo provience Shizuoka Prefecture.
2) Date : Family register and residence survey book of the village ; 1876-1957 (Meiji 5-Showa 32).
3) Process : a) Marital area.
b) Rate of Marital interrelations in Hokkawa.
c) shinzoku-shûdan.
The forms of connection of families.
Approarching the subjekt from the point of view mentioned above, the social relationship of the fishing village has been able to objectively be established. However, the elucidation, of the actual condition, I think, would become complete only when the analysis of the psychological aspects of the people in the many social relationship is performed as the means of analysis. At the same time, the control of the fishing ground in fishing villages, compared with the land-ownership in agricultural villages, and the form of fishing attendant upon it must be called to account ; that is, the questions on the productive mechanism, on labour system, and on market of labor in the village concerned. The answer for the problems for further study will be provided for with comparative study of such points as stated above.
