Heterogeneity of Pedestrian Behavior in Response to Oncoming Pedestrians at Crosswalks

Abstract

This study aims to clarify pedestrian behavior of individuals and small groups in walking spaces. Pedestrian movements were analyzed using video observation, multi-ring buffers, and kernel density estimation. The results show that pedestrians maintain a distance of approximately 45 cm when passing each other. In areas with density above 0.6, avoidance behavior such as detouring was observed. A simulation model incorporating these thresholds successfully reproduced observed avoidance and flow separation behaviors.