Abstract
In this study,the external environment of the ostomate is thought to consist of three components：physiological,social,and intellectual. The physiological environment was defined as that pertaining to the appropriateness of the positioning of the stoma. It is thought,therefore,that preoperative skin marking should be performed for ensuring proper placement of the stoma and convenient self-care by ostomates. Social environment could be improved by the development of stoma care items which are better suited to the special needs of these patients. It was further concluded that difficulties relating to the third component may best be resolved through strategies including education and practical guidance. Factors relating to the internal environment of the ostomate involve personal cleanliness and daily living habits.
