Field Electron Emission from Carbon Nanotubes

Yahachi SAITO

doi:10.1380/jsssj.19.680

Yahachi SAITO

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JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1998 Volume 19 Issue 10 Pages 680-686

DOI https://doi.org/10.1380/jsssj.19.680

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Published: October 10, 1998 Received: December 22, 1997 Available on J-STAGE: August 07, 2009 Accepted: December 22, 1997 Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: August 07, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : 1) S. lijima: Nature 354, 56 (1991).
3) S. Iijima and T. Ichihashi: Nature 363, 603 (1993).
4) D.S. Bethune, C.H. Kiang, M.S. de Vries, G. Gorman, R. Savoy, J. Vazquez and R. Beyers: Nature 363, 605 (1993).
5) Y. Saito, T. Yoshikawa, M. Okuda, N. Fujimoto, K. Sumiyama, K. Suzuki, A. Kasuya and Y. Nishina: J. Phys. Chem. Solid 54, 1849 (1993).
6) A.G. Rinzler, J.H. Hafner, P. Nikolaev, L. Lou, S.G. Kim, D. Tománek, P. Nordlander, D.T. Colbert and R.E. Smalley: Science 269, 1550 (1995).
7) W.A. de Heer, A. Chatelain and D. Ugarte: Science 270, 1179(1995)
8) Y. Saito, K. Hamaguchi, K. Hata, K. Uchida, Y. Tasaka, F. Ikazaki, M. Yumura, A. Kasuya and Y. Nishina: Nature 389, 554 (1997).
9) Y. Saito, K. Hamaguchi, T. Nishino, K. Hata, K. Tohji, A. Kasuya and Y. Nishina: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36, L 1340 (1997).
10) Y. Saito, S. Uemura and K. Hamaguchi: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, L 346 (1998).
11) F.S. Baker, AR. Osborn and J. Williams: Nature 239, 96 (1972).
12) C. Lea: J. Phys. D 6,1105 (1973).
13) W.A. de Heer, J.-M. Bonard, T. Stöckli, A. Châtelain, L. Forr&oacute and D. Ugarte: Z. Phys. D 40, 418 (1997).
14) W. Zhu, G.P. Kochanski, S. Jin and L. Seibles: J. Appl. Phys. 78, 2707 (1995).
15) K. Okano, S. Koizumi, S.R.P. Silva and G.A.J. Amaratunga: Nature 381,140 (1996).
16) W.A. de Heer, J.-M. Bonard, K. Fauth, A. Châtelain, L. Forr&oacute and D. Ugarte: Adv. Mater. 9, 87 (1997).
17) F. Ikazaki, K. Uchida, S. Ohshima, Y. Kuriki, K. Yase, S. Yoda and M. Yumura: Proc. 211th ACS National Meet-ing, New Orleans, LA, March 24-28, American Chemical Society (eds. D.C. Cronauer et al.) 41 (1996) p.113.
18) Y. Saito, T. Koyama and K. Kawabata: Z. Phys. D 40, 421 (1997).
19) K. Tohji, T. Goto, H. Takahashi, Y. Shinoda, N. Shimizu, B. Jeyadevan, I. Matsuoka, Y. Saito, A. Kasuya, T. Ohsuna, K. Hiraga and Y. Nishina: Nature 383, 679 (1996).

Right : 1) S. lijima: Nature 354, 56 (1991).
3) S. Iijima and T. Ichihashi: Nature 363, 603 (1993).
4) D.S. Bethune, C.H. Kiang, M.S. de Vries, G. Gorman, R. Savoy, J. Vazquez and R. Beyers: Nature 363, 605 (1993).
5) Y. Saito, T. Yoshikawa, M. Okuda, N. Fujimoto, K. Sumiyama, K. Suzuki, A. Kasuya and Y. Nishina: J. Phys. Chem. Solid 54, 1849 (1993).
6) A.G. Rinzler, J.H. Hafner, P. Nikolaev, L. Lou, S.G. Kim, D. Tománek, P. Nordlander, D.T. Colbert and R.E. Smalley: Science 269, 1550 (1995).
7) W.A. de Heer, A. Chatelain and D. Ugarte: Science 270, 1179(1995)
8) Y. Saito, K. Hamaguchi, K. Hata, K. Uchida, Y. Tasaka, F. Ikazaki, M. Yumura, A. Kasuya and Y. Nishina: Nature 389, 554 (1997).
9) Y. Saito, K. Hamaguchi, T. Nishino, K. Hata, K. Tohji, A. Kasuya and Y. Nishina: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36, L 1340 (1997).
10) Y. Saito, S. Uemura and K. Hamaguchi: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, L 346 (1998).
11) F.S. Baker, AR. Osborn and J. Williams: Nature 239, 96 (1972).
12) C. Lea: J. Phys. D 6,1105 (1973).
13) W.A. de Heer, J.-M. Bonard, T. Stöckli, A. Châtelain, L. Forró and D. Ugarte: Z. Phys. D 40, 418 (1997).
14) W. Zhu, G.P. Kochanski, S. Jin and L. Seibles: J. Appl. Phys. 78, 2707 (1995).
15) K. Okano, S. Koizumi, S.R.P. Silva and G.A.J. Amaratunga: Nature 381,140 (1996).
16) W.A. de Heer, J.-M. Bonard, K. Fauth, A. Châtelain, L. Forró and D. Ugarte: Adv. Mater. 9, 87 (1997).
17) F. Ikazaki, K. Uchida, S. Ohshima, Y. Kuriki, K. Yase, S. Yoda and M. Yumura: Proc. 211th ACS National Meet-ing, New Orleans, LA, March 24-28, American Chemical Society (eds. D.C. Cronauer et al.) 41 (1996) p.113.
18) Y. Saito, T. Koyama and K. Kawabata: Z. Phys. D 40, 421 (1997).
19) K. Tohji, T. Goto, H. Takahashi, Y. Shinoda, N. Shimizu, B. Jeyadevan, I. Matsuoka, Y. Saito, A. Kasuya, T. Ohsuna, K. Hiraga and Y. Nishina: Nature 383, 679 (1996).

Abstract

Field emission of electrons from carbon nanotubes was first demonstrated in 1995 by the two research groups; one is led by R.E. Smalley and the other by W.A. de Heer. The former group showed high emission from a single open multiwalled nanotube (MWNT) under low applied voltages, and the latter demonstrated electron emission from an aligned MWNT film. Recently, field emission microscopy was performed for both MWNTs and single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs). In this article, the background of these studies is briefly described, and then the characteristics of electron emission from carbon nanotubes are reviewed. Finally, electronic display elements (lighting-elements with the structure of a triode-type vacuum tube) are shown as a practical application of nanotube field emitters.

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