Atomic Configuration in the Grain Boundary of Metals

Yoichi ISHIDA; Minoru MORI; Hideki ICHINOSE

doi:10.1380/jsssj.2.184

Yoichi ISHIDA, Minoru MORI, Hideki ICHINOSE

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1981 Volume 2 Issue 3 Pages 184-194

DOI https://doi.org/10.1380/jsssj.2.184

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Published: September 01, 1981 Received: August 21, 1981 Available on J-STAGE: August 07, 2009 Accepted: August 21, 1981 Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: August 07, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : 1) E. W. Müller and T. T. Tsong : Field Ion Microscopy, Elsevier, New York, (1969).
2) Y. Ishida and D. A. Smith: Scripta Metall. 8 (1974) 293.
3) W.L. Bragg : J. Sci. Instrum. 18 (1942) 148.
4) E. Fukushima and A. Ookawa : J. Phys. Soc Japan 10 (1955) 970.
5) Y. Ishida : J. Mater. Sci. 7 (1972) 72.
6) M. F. Ashby : Surface Sci. 31 (1972) 408.
7) Y. Ishida, S. Okamoto and S. Hachisu : Acta Metall. 26 (1978) 651.
8) G. C. Hasson, J. B. Guillot, B. Baroux and C. Goux : Phys. Stat. Sol. a 2 (1970) 551
9) M. J. Weins, H. Gleiter and B. Chalmers : J. Appl. Phys. 42 (1971) 2639.
10) V. Vitek, D. A. Smith and R. C. Pond : Comguter Simulation for Materials Applications, Nucl. Metall. 20 (1976) 265.
11) P. D. Bristowe and A. G. Crocker : Phil. Mag. A 38 (1978) 487.
12) Y. Ishida and M. Henderson-Brown : Acta Metall. 15 (1967) 857.
13) R. W. Balluffi, Y. Komen and T. Schober : Surface Sci. 31 (1972) 68.
14) R. C. Pond and V. Vitek : Proc. Roy. Soc. B 357 (1977) 453.
15) C. B. Carter, A. M. Donald and S. L. Sass : Phil. Mag. 39 (1979) 533.
16) I. Herbeuval and M. Bisconid, Compt. Rend (Paris) C 273 (1971) 1416.
17) G. Hasson, J. -Y. Boos, I. Herbeuval, M. Biscondi and C. Goux : Surface Sci 31 (1972) 115
18) G. Hasson and C. Goux : Compt. Rend (Paris) C 271 (1970) 913
19) M. Biscondi and C. Goux : Men. Sci. Rev. Met. 65 (1968) 167.
20) T. Watanabe : Creep and Fracture of Engineering Materials, Pineridge Press, (1981) 263.
21) Y. Ishida, T. Hasegawa and F. Nagata : J. Appl. Phys. 40 (1969) 2182.
22) Y. Ishida, M. Mori and F. Iida : Acta Metall.25 (1977) 815.
23) Y. Ishida and T. Yamamoto : Trans JIM. 18 (1977) 75.
24) T. Schober and R. W. Balluffi : Phil. Mag. 21 (1970) 109.
25) G. R. Kegg, C. A. P. Horton and T. M. Silcock Phil. Mag. 27 (1973) 1041.
26) Y. Ishida and S. Liu : Proc. nd ICSMA, ASM (1970) 1085.
27) T. Mori and K. Tangri : Met. Trans. A 10 (1979) 733.
28) S. L. Sass, T. Y. Tan, and R. W. Balluffi : Phil. Mag. 31 (1975) 559.
29) C. T. Forwood and L. M. Clarebrough : Phil. Mag. 36 (1977) 1131.
30) C. B. Carter, F. Cosandy, S. Hagege and S. L. Sass : Electron Microscopy 80 1 (1980) 234.
31) M. L. Kronberg and F. H. Wilson : Trans AIME 185 (1949) 501.
32) D. H. Warrington and P. Bufalini : Scripta Met. 5 (1971) 771.
33) Y. Ishida and M. Mclean : Phil. Mag. 27 (1973) 1125.
34) G. A. Bruggeman, G. H. Bishop and W. H. Hart: Nature and Behavior of Grain Boundaries, Plenum Press, (1972) 983.
35) H. Grimmer : Scripta Metall. 8 (1974) 1221.
37) W. Bollmann : Crystal Defects and Crystalline Interfaces, Springer, (1970).
38) Y. Iwasaki : Acta Cryst. A 32 (1976) 59.
39) W. L. Bragg and W. M. Lomer. Proc. Roy. Soc. 196 (1949) 171.
40) E. Fukushima and A. Ookawa : J. Phys. Soc. Japan. 12 (1957) 139.
41) Y. Ishida : Grain Boundary Structure and Properties, (ed. G. A. Chadwick and D. A. Smith) 1976) Academic Press, London, 993.
42) S. Hachisu, Y. Kobayashi and A. Kose : J.Colloid Interface Sci. 42 (1973) 342.
44) R. J. Harrison, G. A. Bruggeman and G. H. Bishop : Grain Boundary Structure and Properties, (ed. G. A. Chadwick and D. A. Smith) (1976) Academic Press, 45.
45) M. Hashimoto, H. Ichinose, Y. Ishida, R. Yamamoto and M. Doyama : Japanese J. Appl. Phys. 19 (1980) 1045.
47) H. Ichinose, and Y. Ishida : Phil. Mag. A 43 (1981) 1253.
48) A. G. Crocker and B. A. Faridi : Acta Metall. 28 (1980) 549.
49) R. C. Pond, D. A. Smith and V. Vitek : Acta Metall. 27 (1979) 235.
50) M. F. Ashby, F. Saepen and S. Williams : Acta Metall. 26 (1978) 1647.
51) R. C. Pond, D. A. Smith and V. Vitek : Scripta. Metall. 12 (1978) 699.
52) M. Guttmann and D. Mclean : Interfacial Segregation, ASM, (1979) 261.
53) C. L. Briant and R. P. Messmer. Phil. Mag. B 42 (1980) 569.
57) V. Heine : Solid State Physics. 35 (1980) Aca. demic Press, 1.

Right : 1) E. W. Müller and T. T. Tsong : Field Ion Microscopy, Elsevier, New York, (1969).
2) Y. Ishida and D. A. Smith: Scripta Metall. 8 (1974) 293.
3) W.L. Bragg : J. Sci. Instrum. 18 (1942) 148.
4) E. Fukushima and A. Ookawa : J. Phys. Soc Japan 10 (1955) 970.
5) Y. Ishida : J. Mater. Sci. 7 (1972) 72.
6) M. F. Ashby : Surface Sci. 31 (1972) 408.
7) Y. Ishida, S. Okamoto and S. Hachisu : Acta Metall. 26 (1978) 651.
8) G. C. Hasson, J. B. Guillot, B. Baroux and C. Goux : Phys. Stat. Sol. a 2 (1970) 551
9) M. J. Weins, H. Gleiter and B. Chalmers : J. Appl. Phys. 42 (1971) 2639.
10) V. Vitek, D. A. Smith and R. C. Pond : Comguter Simulation for Materials Applications, Nucl. Metall. 20 (1976) 265.
11) P. D. Bristowe and A. G. Crocker : Phil. Mag. A 38 (1978) 487.
12) Y. Ishida and M. Henderson-Brown : Acta Metall. 15 (1967) 857.
13) R. W. Balluffi, Y. Komen and T. Schober : Surface Sci. 31 (1972) 68.
14) R. C. Pond and V. Vitek : Proc. Roy. Soc. B 357 (1977) 453.
15) C. B. Carter, A. M. Donald and S. L. Sass : Phil. Mag. 39 (1979) 533.
16) I. Herbeuval and M. Bisconid, Compt. Rend (Paris) C 273 (1971) 1416.
17) G. Hasson, J. -Y. Boos, I. Herbeuval, M. Biscondi and C. Goux : Surface Sci 31 (1972) 115
18) G. Hasson and C. Goux : Compt. Rend (Paris) C 271 (1970) 913
19) M. Biscondi and C. Goux : Men. Sci. Rev. Met. 65 (1968) 167.
20) T. Watanabe : Creep and Fracture of Engineering Materials, Pineridge Press, (1981) 263.
21) Y. Ishida, T. Hasegawa and F. Nagata : J. Appl. Phys. 40 (1969) 2182.
22) Y. Ishida, M. Mori and F. Iida : Acta Metall.25 (1977) 815.
23) Y. Ishida and T. Yamamoto : Trans JIM. 18 (1977) 75.
24) T. Schober and R. W. Balluffi : Phil. Mag. 21 (1970) 109.
25) G. R. Kegg, C. A. P. Horton and T. M. Silcock Phil. Mag. 27 (1973) 1041.
26) Y. Ishida and S. Liu : Proc. nd ICSMA, ASM (1970) 1085.
27) T. Mori and K. Tangri : Met. Trans. A 10 (1979) 733.
28) S. L. Sass, T. Y. Tan, and R. W. Balluffi : Phil. Mag. 31 (1975) 559.
29) C. T. Forwood and L. M. Clarebrough : Phil. Mag. 36 (1977) 1131.
30) C. B. Carter, F. Cosandy, S. Hagege and S. L. Sass : Electron Microscopy 80 1 (1980) 234.
31) M. L. Kronberg and F. H. Wilson : Trans AIME 185 (1949) 501.
32) D. H. Warrington and P. Bufalini : Scripta Met. 5 (1971) 771.
33) Y. Ishida and M. Mclean : Phil. Mag. 27 (1973) 1125.
34) G. A. Bruggeman, G. H. Bishop and W. H. Hart: Nature and Behavior of Grain Boundaries, Plenum Press, (1972) 983.
35) H. Grimmer : Scripta Metall. 8 (1974) 1221.
37) W. Bollmann : Crystal Defects and Crystalline Interfaces, Springer, (1970).
38) Y. Iwasaki : Acta Cryst. A 32 (1976) 59.
39) W. L. Bragg and W. M. Lomer. Proc. Roy. Soc. 196 (1949) 171.
40) E. Fukushima and A. Ookawa : J. Phys. Soc. Japan. 12 (1957) 139.
41) Y. Ishida : Grain Boundary Structure and Properties, (ed. G. A. Chadwick and D. A. Smith) 1976) Academic Press, London, 993.
42) S. Hachisu, Y. Kobayashi and A. Kose : J.Colloid Interface Sci. 42 (1973) 342.
44) R. J. Harrison, G. A. Bruggeman and G. H. Bishop : Grain Boundary Structure and Properties, (ed. G. A. Chadwick and D. A. Smith) (1976) Academic Press, 45.
45) M. Hashimoto, H. Ichinose, Y. Ishida, R. Yamamoto and M. Doyama : Japanese J. Appl. Phys. 19 (1980) 1045.
47) H. Ichinose, and Y. Ishida : Phil. Mag. A 43 (1981) 1253.
48) A. G. Crocker and B. A. Faridi : Acta Metall. 28 (1980) 549.
49) R. C. Pond, D. A. Smith and V. Vitek : Acta Metall. 27 (1979) 235.
50) M. F. Ashby, F. Saepen and S. Williams : Acta Metall. 26 (1978) 1647.
51) R. C. Pond, D. A. Smith and V. Vitek : Scripta. Metall. 12 (1978) 699.
52) M. Guttmann and D. Mclean : Interfacial Segregation, ASM, (1979) 261.
53) C. L. Briant and R. P. Messmer. Phil. Mag. B 42 (1980) 569.
57) V. Heine : Solid State Physics. 35 (1980) Aca. demic Press, 1.

Abstract

A review covering the last ten years of research on the structure of metallic crystal grain boundaries, including epoch-making observations, presently under way, of lattice images using electron microscopy, is prsented. While representative studies carried out in the 1970's on ordered grain structures were limited by the analytical techniques available, the role in alloy design in future investigations is emphasized. Visual models and computer simulations, as methods for analysis of grain boundary atomic configurations, and also information gained by lattice imaging microscopy are explained, and the importance of future studies on grain segregation structures is shown.

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