Quantitative Study of Manual Training Teacher License for Japanese Normal Schools from 1895 to 1940

Abstract

According to the Teacher Licensing Order in 1900, it was determined that, those who were not in possession of any kind of teacher license, could not be employed as normal school, middle school and girl's high school teachers, and the licenses were to be issued by the Ministry of Education to graduates of the government schools set up for training teachers and those who passed the teacher certification. This certification could be carried out with or without an examination. In the case of manual training, the government schools were Tokyo Higher Normal School, Tokyo Art School and The Second Extra Teacher Training Center at Hiroshima Higher Normal School. The total number of the graduates from three government schools were 858; 248 from Tokyo Higher Normal School, 587 from Tokyo Art School and 23 The Second Extra Teacher Training Center at Hiroshima Higher Normal School. Those who passed the certification with examination were 387 men, and those who passed the certification with examination were 209 men. These effects mean that Tokyo Higher Normal School and Tokyo Art School carried out important roles in supplying the manual training teachers for Japanese normal schools before The World War II.