Abstract
Although many of the conceptual foundations of Japanese social work theories have been imported from the United States, there seems to exist a conceptual chaos regarding the selection of theoretical models and practical methodologies. One of the reasons might be the existing uncertainties of conceptual framework of social work theory. The present study reviewed literature on basic social work theories, focusing on micro and macro perspectives as well as direct and indirect action in social work practice, and discussed how those theories have been orientated differently among social work practitioners, educators, and researchers. The authors further discussed the significance of micro and macro practice skill in traditional social work, and suggested that "micro and macro" perspectives be the common foundation in keeping a solid conceptual framework of social work. Future studies are necessary in clarifying the conceptual differences between "micro and macro" and "direct and indirect" in terms of social work practices, in order to avoid the further conceptual chaos.
