Abstract
Over the past decade, important progress has been made in the use of chemotherapy for pediatric leukemia, both lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemia by sophisticated methods. As a result, the frequency of patients who should receive a stem cell transplantation (SCT) has decreased. However, for high-risk patients of relapse, SCT remains a curative strategy. Recent progress in SCT provides various transplantation strategies. SCT donor selection is very important for the effectiveness and safety of SCT. We find that an SCT from HLA haploidentical and/or a mismatch of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) phenotype donor is an effective strategy for high-risk patients. Late complications for pediatric SCT is a serious issue to be resolved. The prevention of growth retardation, endocrine complications and infertility should be considered for long term cancer survivors.
