Abstract
This study clarifies the impact of flextime and parking congestion on the temporal distribution of traffic demand and morning rush hour congestion. To this end, we develop a model based on Arnott et al. (Arnott, R., de Palma, A., and Lindsey, R.: A temporal and spatial equilibrium analysis of commuter parking, Journal of Public Economics, Vol. 45, No. 3, pp. 301–335, 1991) in which commuters choose their departure times from home and parking locations in a city with a bottleneck and parking spaces. We then show the properties of our model by analyzing equilibrium with and without flextime. The analysis reveals that parking congestion leads to temporal traffic dispersion when all firms adopt fixed work schedules, while it causes temporal traffic concentration when all firms adopt flexible work schedules. Furthermore, the bottleneck congestion is completely eliminated and the social optimum is achieved by assigning parking locations to commuters and introducing flextime.
