Clinical features of moderate or profound hyponatremia associated with acute cerebral infarction or cerebral hemorrhage

Abstract

Purpose: We evaluated moderate or profound hyponatremia (serum sodium concentration ≤130 mEq/l) based on the European guideline in patients with cerebral infarction or cerebral hemorrhage to determine its clinical characteristics. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of patients with central hyponatremia during hospitalization for acute cerebral infarction or cerebral hemorrhage. Results: Of 538 eligible patients (408 with cerebral infarction and 130 with cerebral hemorrhage), 13 patients (2.4%) developed hyponatremia due to cerebral infarction or cerebral hemorrhage after admission, including 10 patients with SIADH and 3 patients with CSWS. Hyponatremia was significantly more common in cerebral hemorrhage (p=0.004), and hospital stay was significantly longer in patients with hyponatremia (p=0.006). Conclusion: Hyponatremia was more frequent in patients with cerebral hemorrhage, and SIADH was the most common cause. The European guideline is useful for the diagnosis of hyponatremia in the clinical setting.