Utilization of Social Media in Disasters and Pandemics: Current Status and Prospects of Expert Information Dissemination

Abstract

Social networking services（SNS）are becoming increasingly important for the dissemination of scientific information by experts and authorities following disasters and pandemics. In this paper, we present case studies on the characteristics of information diffusion on Twitter（now X）and evaluation methods for experts and authorities using Twitter after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident and the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as practical examples of SNS information dissemination by experts regarding treated water and COVID-19. The results of the Twitter-based analysis confirmed the echo chamber phenomenon, in which Twitter users receive only biased information from a limited number of influencers after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident. After the COVID-19 vaccine issue emerged, many users responded favorably to experts who disseminated information in a timely and continuous manner. This finding is consistent with the experiences of experts who disseminated information regarding treated water and COVID-19. Furthermore, the importance of organizational and legal structures to protect experts who disseminate information was highlighted.