Anatomical Observation on Five Cases of Ectopia Cordis in Calves

Takayuki MURAKAMI; Mitsuyoshi HAGIO; Yasuo MORITOMO; Katsumi HAMANA; Masaaki NAKAI

doi:10.11276/jsvc1984.29.85

Takayuki MURAKAMI, Mitsuyoshi HAGIO, Yasuo MORITOMO, Katsumi HAMANA, Masaaki NAKAI

Author information

Keywords: cattle, ectopia cordis

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1996 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 85-90

DOI https://doi.org/10.11276/jsvc1984.29.85

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Published: 1996 Received: - Available on J-STAGE: September 17, 2009 Accepted: - Advance online publication: - Revised: -
Correction information
Date of correction: September 17, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: [in Japanese]

Date of correction: September 17, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: AFFILIATION Details: Wrong :
1) Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University
2) School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University
3) School of Agriculture, Kyusyu tokai University
4) Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University

Right :
1) Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University
2) School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University
3) School of Agriculture, Kyusyu Tokai University
4) Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University

Date of correction: September 17, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : 1) Van Praagh, P. M., Smith, S. D., Foran, R. B. and S. Van Praagh : Ectopia cordis. In : Moss' Heart Diseases in Infants, Children and Adolescents (4th ed.), Adams, F. H., Emmanouilides, G. C. and T. A. Reimenschneider ed., pp. 570-580, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, Hong Kong, London and Sydney, 1989.
2) Becker, A. E. and H. R. Anderson : Ectopia cordis. In : Pathology of Congenital Heart Disease (1st ed.), pp. 359-366, Butterworths, London, Boston, Sydney, Wellington, Durban and Toronto, 1981.
4) Byron, F. (1948) : Ectopia cordis. J. Thorac. Surg., 17, 717-722.
5) Bowen, J. M. and R. W. Adrian (1962) : Ectopia cordis in cattle. J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass., 141, 1162-1167.
6) Hiraga, T. and M. Abe (1986) : Eight calves of cervical ectopia cordis and their sternums. Jpn. J. Vet. Sci., 48, 1199-1206.
7) Immisch, I. (1903) : Exokardie beim Kalbe. Dtsch. Tierärtztl, Wochenschr., 16, 469-470.
8) Morgan, E. (1903) : Ectopia cordis. Vet. Rec., 16, 182.
9) Lothian, W. (1918) : Ectopia cordis. Vet. J., 74, 364-365.
10) Handley, G. A. (1928/29) : Ectopia cordis. J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass., 92, 225-226.
11) Hughes, H. V. (1934) : Ectopia cordis in the calf. J. Comp. Path. Ther., 47, 141-151.
12) Hughes, H. V. (1936) : The sternum in ectopia cordis. Vet. J., 92, 225-226.
13) Jirina, K. (1956) : Einige Abnormitäten am Herz beim Rind. Monatsh. Vetrinaermed., 11, 327.
14) Vitums, A. (1964) : Ectopic heart of a Shorthorn bull. Anat. Anz., 114, 48-61.
15) Ghetie, V., Riga, I. T. and D. Gristea (1965) Cervicale Exokardie beim Kalb mit Betrachtungen uber die Entstehung des Herzbeutels and des Zwerchfells. Anat. Anz., 116, 429-441.
16) Drommer, W. (1967) : Morphologische and röntgcnologische Untersuchungen an dicephalen DopelmiBbildungen beim Rind. zentralbl. Veterinaermed. A, 14, 515-527.
17) Milledge, R. D., Eastin, C. E. and J. T. Reeves (1968) : Physiologic and radiographic studies of cervical ectopia cordis in a calf. J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass., 152, 161-167.
18) Fiedler, H. H. and D. Seidler (1974) : Ectopia cordis cranialis mit Anomalien der herznahen GefaBstämme bei einem Kalb. Dtsch. Tierärtztl. Wschr., 81, 619-621.
19) Wyrost, P. (1981) : The results of studies on congenital cervical situs of the heart in domestic animals. Folia Morphol., 29, 220-223.
20) Wyrost, P. and J. Radek (1982) : Congenital cervical situs of the heart in a 2. 5 years-old cow. Folia Morphol. (Warsz.), 41, 73-87.
21) Gopal, P., Leipold, H. W. and S. M. Dennis (1986) : Congenital cardiac defects in calves. Am. J. Vet. Res., 47, 1120-1121.
22) West, H. J. and C. E. Payne-Johnson (1987) Ectopia cordis in two calves. Vet. Rec., 121, 108-109.
23) Windberger, U., Forstenpointner, G., Grabenwoger, F., Kopp, E., Kunzel, W., Mayr, B., Pernthaner, A., Simon, P. and U. Losert (1992): Cardiac function, morphology and chromosomal aberrations in a calf with ectopia cordis cervicalis. J. Vet. Med. A, 39, 759-768.
25) Bogdaschew, N. (1931) : Ectopia extrasternalis cordis beim Kalbe. Anat. Anz., 72, 403-408.
26) Zietzschmann, O. (1934) : Ein Fall von Ectopia cordis nuda beim Rindsfetus. Dtsch. Tierärztl. Wochenschr., 42, 179-180.
27) Wilkens, H. (1954) : Ectopia cordis thoracalis fissisternalis beim Kalbe. Tierärztl. Umsch., 9, 389- 392.
28) Kurtz, H. J. and J. C. Ellery (1969) : Ectopia cordis in a bovine fetus. Am. J. Vet. Res., 30, 471-472.
31) Rittenbach, P. (1964) : Ectopia cordis in Kom-bination mit mehrfachen welteren Herzanomalien bei einem Kalb. Monatsh. Veterinaermed., 19, 858-861.
32) Hiraga, T., Abe, M., Iwasa, K., Takehana, K. and A. Tanigaki (1993) : Cervico-pectoral ectopia cordis in two Holstein calves. Vet. Path., 30, 529-534.

Right : 1) Van Praagh, P. M., Smith, S. D., Foran, R. B. and S. Van Praagh : Ectopia cordis. In : Moss' Heart Diseases in Infants, Children and Adolescents (4th ed.), Adams, F. H., Emmanouilides, G. C. and T. A. Reimenschneider ed., pp. 570-580, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, Hong Kong, London and Sydney, 1989.
2) Becker, A. E. and H. R. Anderson : Ectopia cordis. In : Pathology of Congenital Heart Disease (1st ed.), pp. 359-366, Butterworths, London, Boston, Sydney, Wellington, Durban and Toronto, 1981.
4) Byron, F. (1948) : Ectopia cordis. J. Thorac. Surg., 17, 717-722.
5) Bowen, J. M. and R. W. Adrian (1962) : Ectopia cordis in cattle. J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass., 141, 1162-1167.
6) Hiraga, T. and M. Abe (1986) : Eight calves of cervical ectopia cordis and their sternums. Jpn. J. Vet. Sci., 48, 1199-1206.
7) Immisch, I. (1903) : Exokardie beim Kalbe. Dtsch. Tierärtztl, Wochenschr., 16, 469-470.
8) Morgan, E. (1903) : Ectopia cordis. Vet. Rec., 16, 182.
9) Lothian, W. (1918) : Ectopia cordis. Vet. J., 74, 364-365.
10) Handley, G. A. (1928/29) : Ectopia cordis. J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass., 92, 225-226.
11) Hughes, H. V. (1934) : Ectopia cordis in the calf. J. Comp. Path. Ther., 47, 141-151.
12) Hughes, H. V. (1936) : The sternum in ectopia cordis. Vet. J., 92, 225-226.
13) Jirina, K. (1956) : Einige Abnormitäten am Herz beim Rind. Monatsh. Vetrinaermed., 11, 327.
14) Vitums, A. (1964) : Ectopic heart of a Shorthorn bull. Anat. Anz., 114, 48-61.
15) Ghetie, V., Riga, I. T. and D. Gristea (1965) Cervicale Exokardie beim Kalb mit Betrachtungen uber die Entstehung des Herzbeutels and des Zwerchfells. Anat. Anz., 116, 429-441.
16) Drommer, W. (1967) : Morphologische and röntgenologische Untersuchungen an dicephalen Dopelmißbildungen beim Rind. zentralbl. Veterinaermed. A, 14, 515-527.
17) Milledge, R. D., Eastin, C. E. and J. T. Reeves (1968) : Physiologic and radiographic studies of cervical ectopia cordis in a calf. J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass., 152, 161-167.
18) Fiedler, H. H. and D. Seidler (1974) : Ectopia cordis cranialis mit Anomalien der herznahen Gefaßstämme bei einem Kalb. Dtsch. Tierärtztl. Wschr., 81, 619-621.
19) Wyrost, P. (1981) : The results of studies on congenital cervical situs of the heart in domestic animals. Folia Morphol., 29, 220-223.
20) Wyrost, P. and J. Radek (1982) : Congenital cervical situs of the heart in a 2. 5 years-old cow. Folia Morphol. (Warsz.), 41, 73-87.
21) Gopal, P., Leipold, H. W. and S. M. Dennis (1986) : Congenital cardiac defects in calves. Am. J. Vet. Res., 47, 1120-1121.
22) West, H. J. and C. E. Payne-Johnson (1987) Ectopia cordis in two calves. Vet. Rec., 121, 108-109.
23) Windberger, U., Forstenpointner, G., Grabenwoger, F., Kopp, E., Kunzel, W., Mayr, B., Pernthaner, A., Simon, P. and U. Losert (1992): Cardiac function, morphology and chromosomal aberrations in a calf with ectopia cordis cervicalis. J. Vet. Med. A, 39, 759-768.
25) Bogdaschew, N. (1931) : Ectopia extrasternalis cordis beim Kalbe. Anat. Anz., 72, 403-408.
26) Zietzschmann, O. (1934) : Ein Fall von Ectopia cordis nuda beim Rindsfetus. Dtsch. Tierärztl. Wochenschr., 42, 179-180.
27) Wilkens, H. (1954) : Ectopia cordis thoracalis fissisternalis beim Kalbe. Tierärztl. Umsch., 9, 389- 392.
28) Kurtz, H. J. and J. C. Ellery (1969) : Ectopia cordis in a bovine fetus. Am. J. Vet. Res., 30, 471-472.
31) Rittenbach, P. (1964) : Ectopia cordis in Kom-bination mit mehrfachen welteren Herzanomalien bei einem Kalb. Monatsh. Veterinaermed., 19, 858-861.
32) Hiraga, T., Abe, M., Iwasa, K., Takehana, K. and A. Tanigaki (1993) : Cervico-pectoral ectopia cordis in two Holstein calves. Vet. Path., 30, 529-534.

Abstract

Ectopia cordis was found in five of 451 (1.1%) calves with congenital cardiovascular anomalies. Four of these 5 cases showed cervical ectopia cordis, while the remaining one showed the thoracic form. In three cases of cervical ectopia cordis, the pericardial sac extended anteriorly through the subcutaneous layer of the neck and its cranial end was attached to the occipital bone, mandible, atlas or muscles of the anterior neck. The sternums of these three calves were wide and flat, and consisted of 14 to 16 sternebrae. In the case of thoracic ectopia cordis, the middle of the sternum formed a circular defect with 6 cm in diameter and the overlying skin over this region was also defective. The pericardial sac adhered to the rim of the sternal defect and the naked heart protruded from the thoracic cavity.

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