Hemodynamics of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Masami UECHI

doi:10.11276/jsvc1984.31.53

Masami UECHI

Author information

Keywords: bradykinin, heart failure, kininase II, pharmacokinetics

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1998 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 53-58

DOI https://doi.org/10.11276/jsvc1984.31.53

Details

Published: 1998 Received: - Available on J-STAGE: September 17, 2009 Accepted: - Advance online publication: - Revised: -
Correction information
Date of correction: September 17, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : 1) The consensus trail study group (1987): Effect of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure, results of the cooperative north scandinavian enalapril survival study (CONSEN- SUS). N. Eng. JMed., 316, 1429-1435.
2) The IMPROVE study group (1995): Acute and short-term hemodynamic, echocardiographic, and clinical effects of enalapril maleate in dogs with Naturally acquired heart failure: results of the Invasive Multicenter PROspective VEterinary evaluation of enalapril study. J. Vet. Intern. Med., 9, 234-242.
3) The COVE study group (1995): Controlled clinical evaluation of enalapril in dogs with heart failure: results of the coopeative veterinary enalapril study group. J. Vet. Intern. Med., 9, 243-252.
4) Uechi, M., Sato, N., Asai, K., Patrick, T., Vatner, S. F. (1998): Voltage-dependent calcium channel promoter restores baroreflex sensitivity in conscious dogs with heart failure. Circulation, 98,1342-1347.
5) Grassi, G., Giannattasio, C., Failla, M., Pesenti, A., Peretti, G., Marinoni, E., Fraschini, N., Vailati, S., Mancia, G.(1995): Sympathetic modulation of radial artery compliance in congestive heart failure. Hypertension, 26, 348-354.
7) Kostis, J.B. (1989): Pharmacological differentiation of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. J. Human Hyperten, 3, 119-125.
8) Wei, L., et al.(1991): The two homologous domains of human angiotensin I convertingenzyme are both catalyhcally achive. J. Bio. Chem.,266,9002.
10) Clavell, A.L., Mattingly, M.T., Stevens, T.L., Nir, A., Wright, R.S., Aarhus, L.L., Heublein, D.M., Burnett, J.C.(1996): Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition modulates endogenous endothelin in chronic canine thoracic inferior vena caval constriction. J. Clin. Invest., 97, 1286-1292.
11) Blais, C., Drapeau, G., Raymond, P., Lamontagne, D., Gervais, N., Venneman, I., Adam, A. (1997): Contribution of angiotensin-converting enzyme to the cardiac metabolism of bradykinin: an interspecies study. Am. J. Pbysiol., 273, H2263- H2271.
12) Kobori, H., Ichihara, A., Suzuki, H., Takenaka T., Miyashita, Y., Hayashi, M., Saruta, T. (1997): Role of the renin-angiotensin system in cardiac hypertrophy induced in rats by hyperthyroidism. Am. J. Pbysiol. 273, H593-H599.
13) Iwase, M., Uechi, M., Vatner, D. E., Asai, K., Shannon, RP., Kudej, R. K., Wagner, T. E., Patrick, T. A., Ishikawa, Y., Homcy, C. J., Vatner, S. F. (1997): Cardiomyopathy induced by cardic G.. overexpression. Am. J. Pbysiol., 272, H585-H589.
14) Schultz, D., Su, X., Bishop, S.P., Billadello, J., Dell'Italia, L.J. (1997): Selective induction of the creatinine kinase-B gene in chronic volume over-load hypertrophy is not affected by ACE-inhibitor therapy. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol., 29, 2665-2673.
15) Lear, W., Ruzicka, M., Leenen, F. H. H. (1997): ACE inhibitors and cardiac ACE mRNA in volume
overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Am. J. physiol., 273, H641-H646,.
16) Dell'Italia, L.J., Meng, Q.C., Balcells, E., Straeter-Knowlen, I.M., Hankers, G.H., Dillon, R., Cartee, R.E., Orr, R., Bishop, S.P., Oparil, S., Elton, T.S. (1995): Increased ACE and chymase-like activity in cardiac tissue of dogs with chronic mitral regurgitation. Am. J. Pbysiol., 269, H2065- H2073.
17) Dell'Italia, L.J., Balcells, E., Meng, Q.C., Su, X., Schultz, D., Bishop, S.P., Machida, N., Straeter-Knowlen, I.M., Hankes, G.H., Dillon, R., Cartee, R.E., Oparil, S. (1997): Volume-overload cardiac hypertrophy is unaffected by ACE inihibitor treatment in dogs. Am. J. Pbysiol., 273, H961-H970.
18) Boemke, W., Seeliger, E., Rothermund, L., Corea, M., Pettker, R., Mollenhauer, G., Reinhardt, H.W. (1995): ACE inhibition prevents Na and water retension and MABP increase during reduction of renal perfusion pressure. Am. J. Pbysiol., 269, R481-R489.
19) Zee, R.Y.L., Rao, V.S., Paster, R.Z., Sweet, C.S., Lindpaintner, K. (1998) Three candidate genes and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitorrelated cough. A pharmacogenetic analysis. Hypertension, 31,925-928.
20) Haggstrom, J., Hansson, K., Karlberg, B.E., Kvart, C., Madej, A., Olsson, K. (1996): Effects of longterm treatment with enalapril or hydralazine on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and fluid balance in dogs with naturally acquired mitral valve regurgitation. Am. J. Vet. Med., 57, 1645-1652.

Right : 1) The consensus trail study group (1987): Effect of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure, results of the cooperative north scandinavian enalapril survival study (CONSENSUS). N. Eng. J. Med., 316, 1429-1435.
2) The IMPROVE study group (1995): Acute and short-term hemodynamic, echocardiographic, and clinical effects of enalapril maleate in dogs with Naturally acquired heart failure: results of the Invasive Multicenter PROspective VEterinary evaluation of enalapril study. J. Vet. Intern. Med., 9, 234-242.
3) The COVE study group (1995): Controlled clinical evaluation of enalapril in dogs with heart failure: results of the coopeative veterinary enalapril study group. J. Vet. Intern. Med., 9, 243-252.
4) Uechi, M., Sato, N., Asai, K., Patrick, T., Vatner, S. F. (1998): Voltage-dependent calcium channel promoter restores baroreflex sensitivity in conscious dogs with heart failure. Circulation, 98,1342-1347.
5) Grassi, G., Giannattasio, C., Failla, M., Pesenti, A., Peretti, G., Marinoni, E., Fraschini, N., Vailati, S., Mancia, G.(1995): Sympathetic modulation of radial artery compliance in congestive heart failure. Hypertension, 26, 348-354.
7) Kostis, J.B. (1989): Pharmacological differentiation of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. J. Human Hyperten, 3, 119-125.
8) Wei, L., et al.(1991): The two homologous domains of human angiotensin I converting-enzyme are both catalyhcally achive. J. Bio. Chem.,266,9002.
10) Clavell, A.L., Mattingly, M.T., Stevens, T.L., Nir, A., Wright, R.S., Aarhus, L.L., Heublein, D.M., Burnett, J.C.(1996): Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition modulates endogenous endothelin in chronic canine thoracic inferior vena caval constriction. J. Clin. Invest., 97, 1286-1292.
11) Blais, C., Drapeau, G., Raymond, P., Lamontagne, D., Gervais, N., Venneman, I., Adam, A. (1997): Contribution of angiotensin-converting enzyme to the cardiac metabolism of bradykinin: an interspecies study. Am. J. Physiol., 273, H2263- H2271.
12) Kobori, H., Ichihara, A., Suzuki, H., Takenaka T., Miyashita, Y., Hayashi, M., Saruta, T. (1997): Role of the renin-angiotensin system in cardiac hypertrophy induced in rats by hyperthyroidism. Am. J. Physiol. 273, H593-H599.
13) Iwase, M., Uechi, M., Vatner, D. E., Asai, K., Shannon, RP., Kudej, R. K., Wagner, T. E., Patrick, T. A., Ishikawa, Y., Homcy, C. J., Vatner, S. F. (1997): Cardiomyopathy induced by cardic G.. overexpression. Am. J. Physiol., 272, H585-H589.
14) Schultz, D., Su, X., Bishop, S.P., Billadello, J., Dell'Italia, L.J. (1997): Selective induction of the creatinine kinase-B gene in chronic volume over-load hypertrophy is not affected by ACE-inhibitor therapy. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol., 29, 2665-2673.
15) Lear, W., Ruzicka, M., Leenen, F. H. H. (1997): ACE inhibitors and cardiac ACE mRNA in volume overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Am. J. physiol., 273, H641-H646,.
16) Dell'Italia, L.J., Meng, Q.C., Balcells, E., Straeter-Knowlen, I.M., Hankers, G.H., Dillon, R., Cartee, R.E., Orr, R., Bishop, S.P., Oparil, S., Elton, T.S. (1995): Increased ACE and chymase-like activity in cardiac tissue of dogs with chronic mitral regurgitation. Am. J. Physiol., 269, H2065- H2073.
17) Dell'Italia, L.J., Balcells, E., Meng, Q.C., Su, X., Schultz, D., Bishop, S.P., Machida, N., Straeter-Knowlen, I.M., Hankes, G.H., Dillon, R., Cartee, R.E., Oparil, S. (1997): Volume-overload cardiac hypertrophy is unaffected by ACE inihibitor treatment in dogs. Am. J. Physiol., 273, H961-H970.
18) Boemke, W., Seeliger, E., Rothermund, L., Corea, M., Pettker, R., Mollenhauer, G., Reinhardt, H.W. (1995): ACE inhibition prevents Na and water retension and MABP increase during reduction of renal perfusion pressure. Am. J. Physiol., 269, R481-R489.
19) Zee, R.Y.L., Rao, V.S., Paster, R.Z., Sweet, C.S., Lindpaintner, K. (1998) Three candidate genes and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-related cough. A pharmacogenetic analysis. Hypertension, 31,925-928.
20) Haggstrom, J., Hansson, K., Karlberg, B.E., Kvart, C., Madej, A., Olsson, K. (1996): Effects of longterm treatment with enalapril or hydralazine on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and fluid balance in dogs with naturally acquired mitral valve regurgitation. Am. J. Vet. Med., 57, 1645-1652.

Abstract

Several large, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trials have demonstrated that treatment with Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors results in a reduction in overall mortality in human and small animal, patients with heart failure. ACE regulates the balance between the vasoconstrictive, salt-retensive, and hypertrophic properties of angiotensin II and the vasodilatory and naturetic properties of bradykinin. ACE inhibitors alter this balance by decreasing the formation of angiotensin II and the degradation of bradykinin. ACE inhibitors also indirectly alter the metabolism of a number of other vasoactive substances and diuretic hormon; NO, prostagrandin, and endothelin, and ADH, etc. ACE inhibitors decrease systemic vascular resistance but cause little change in heart rate. ACE inhibitors have effect on cardiac output or pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. It is clear that ACE inhibitors represent one of major advances in cardiovascular therapeutics in small animal cardiovascular medicine.

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