Progress of the Morphological Study on Pulp and Paper Manufacturing

Abstract

As well known, the morphological characters of woods have important effects on the pulp and paper manufacturing, as well as their chemical and physical characters.
The qualities of pulp, paper and rayon fibers will be greatly affected by the morphological natures of the original raw woods from which they are produced.
It can not be overlooked that some difficulities with which we often meet in the course of pulp and paper manufacture, which are not easily solved without the knowledge of morphology.
In this review, recent reports and works dealing with such morphological problems were presented and discussed.
We classified these problems as the following subjects and discussed from our own standpoint.
I. The wall structure of fibrous cells.
II. The fine structure of cellulose.
Micells and Fibrills. The orientation of fibrills in the tracheid cell wall.
III. Lignin and Polyoses.
IV. The effect of digestion on the morphological structure of fibers.
V. The relation between the morphological structure of cell wall and the swelling behavior :
The paper strength as regard to the swelling behavior, Swelling and lignin, Paper strength, Mechanism of swelling.
VI. The relation between the morphological structure of fibers and pulp characters :
Fiber length and paper strength, The thickness of the fiber wall, Spring wood and summer wood, Paper strength with special reference to the primary wall, the Ultramicroscopic structure of the cell wall and the paper character, Sulfite pulp and sulfate pulp, rayon pulp (or dissolving pulp.)