Abstract
This article explored Pinker's theory on citizenship; it was R. Pinker who had developed T. H.
Marshall's classical theory to incorporate the transition of time. It could be said that Pinker's theory on
citizenship is concentrated in his early works, Social Theory and Social Policy, The Idea of Welfare, and
the more recent article "From Gift Relationships to Quasi-markets." The author paid special attention to
the arguments constructed in these works. Pinker denied the traditional argument that universalism and
the institutional model ensure citizenship status, and that selectivism and the residual model diminish
its chances. He insisted on the importance of the idea of pluralism against unitarism, and he adhered to
pluralism as the theoretical model for guaranteeing the status of citizenship, because it did away with "the
dependence" and reduced "the risk of stigma." He found the concrete form of pluralism in Le Grand's
theory on quasi-markets. Pinker emphasized on the middle of the road character of citizenship, and built a
logical connection between the ideas of citizenship and "democratic welfare-capitalism," both of which had
been analyzed by T. H. Marshall. In conclusion, the author pointed out that Pinker's theory on citizenship is
unique because the model of social service is from the viewpoint of the receiver and because it offers a new
perspective to studies on the welfare state.
