Fingering and fragmenting precesses of overtopping flip-through jets

Abstract

A flip-through overtopping jet evolves into laterally deintegrated jets, so-called finger jets, at an early stage of the wave uprush on a vertical wall. The finger jets are vertically stretched to fragment into small multiple droplets or sprays. In this study, these fingering and fragmenting processes were visualized, and the shapes of the jets and sprays were quantitatively measured on the basis of novel level-set image detecting algorithm. The evolution of the size distributions and water volume fractions for the both jets and sprays were characterized via spectrum image analysis.