Abstract
The growth status of evergreen broad-leaved trees was investigated in a coastal Pinus thunbergii forest
adjacent to the urban area of Niigata City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Many evergreen broad-leaved tree and shrub species were found in the P. thunbergii forest, along with deciduous broad-leaved trees showing good regeneration and growth status. The development of this forest community was due to insufficient forest practices, increases in soil nutrients, and seed dispersal from surrounding residential areas. The P. thunbergii forest included several evergreen broad-leaved tree species growing beyond their native distribution, suggesting the influence of global climate change. These evergreen broad-leaved trees are expected to become more dominant due to improved light conditions resulting from the thinning of broad-leaved trees, especially deciduous trees, that grow from the middle to lower layers of the P. thunbergii forest. It is important to develop an ecologically sound coastal forest that has disaster-prevention and other functions by utilizing the evergreen broad-leaved trees that occur in P. thunbergii forests adjacent to urban areas
https://ror.org/04ww21r56 
