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To improve the accuracy of model test, fundamental flow properties of measuring section are considered using the advanced circulating water channel of the National Research Institute of Fisheries Engineering. An open channel theory is proposed to express effects to free surface flow due to the friction of boundary layer, bottom and side form of measuring section. A differential calculation of MAC method is tried to investigate the flow properties. Experiment is carried out systematically to examine the flow of measuring section. The fundamental properties of velocity, pressure and wave of flow are discussed. An one-dimensional flow model of measuring section is proposed. Velocity distribution of boundary layer of bottom and side is measured and the characteristics of boundary layer are discussed. Degree of friction is analyzed for aim of use to prove a physical phenomenon of free surface swelling in second paper.
