Decrease of Nosocomial Bacteremia and Nosocomial Pneumonia after Introduction of Preventive Measures of Hospital Infection

Abstract

In the early 1980's methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was repoted as a major pathogenic organism of geriatric hospital infection in Japan. At the same time in the A geriatric hospital MRSA infection was prevalent.
To decrease nosocomial infections some active preventive measures against hospital infection were taken since Oct. 1991.
About a year before introduction of prevention of hospital infection in the geriatric ward (190 beds) of A Hospital 193 episodes of nosocomial bacteremia were observed. However a year after introduction of preventive measures episodes of nosocomial bacteremia were decreased to less than a half (45.6%) in comparison to the number before introduction of prevention. As a causative organism gram-positive bacteria incluidng MRSA were markedly decreased. Major portals of entry of bacteremia (74.9%) were urinary-tract system, intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) catheter, and pressure sores. MRSA-positive pressure sores were decreased to 20.4% of those before prevention.
On the other hand 87 episodes of nosocomial pneumonia were observed before prevention. However a year after introduction of preventive measures episodes of nosocomial pneumonia were decreased to less than a half (44.8%) in comparison to the number before introduction of prevention. After prevention MRSA and mixed infection of P. aeruginosa and MRSA were markedly decreased. The decrease of bacteremia and nosocomial pneumonia were caused by cleaning hands, the preventive measures for decrease and improvement of pressure sores, cleaning the upper respiratory tract for prevention of lower respiratory-tract infection cleaning floors and education of the staff, etc.