Abstract
Fair trade has been divided into two types; the partnership-type and the certification-type. The purpose of this article is to clarify the fundamental turning point between the two by means of an analysis of the “Certified Label Controversy.” This controversy has been understood as a conflict between “qualitative deepening” and “quantitative expansion,” but this interpretation cannot explain the core of the problem. This article, therefore, presents an alternative interpretation. Here, the point at issue is whether or not commercialism and social justice are compatible. This means that the controversy includes the argument over “the formation of orders.” In short, this watershed for fair trade arises from a difference of view on the relation between “being free” and “a regard for society.”
