Abstract
Objective: This article argued the objectives for educational evaluation in school, and summarized the methods of evaluation, and described information used for evaluation. It also explained educational evaluation based on each criterion used in Japan.
Contents: The aim of educational evaluation in schools is to help teachers to improve their teaching skills. Six types of evaluation have been identified: absolute evaluation, relative evaluation, intra-individual evaluation, evaluation of educational achievement, criterion-referenced assessment, and self-evaluation. Information used for evaluation includes types of functions evaluated, the methods used, and the criteria for evaluation. The criteria for educational evaluation in Japan are interest/motivation/attitude, thinking/judgment/expression, skills, and knowledge/comprehension. Criterion-referenced assessment is the standard throughout the world, and it includes standards for each criterion. Criteria are targets, and standards assess the degree to which students achieve these criteria. Fundamentally, these criteria should be different for each subject, but currently, they are the same in all subjects.
Conclusions: Recently, the “rubric” method has emerged. It employs criteria established based on the characteristics of each subject. However, room for improvement remains. Future research on educational evaluation is expected to further improve teachers' skills in that role.
