Logic model and action plan for increasing individuals who eat balanced diet

Abstract

Objectives: To organize measures and suggest an action plan to achieve the goal of “increasing the percentage of individuals who eat balanced diets” using a logic model and a ladder of interventions.

Methods: Intervention studies and cross-sectional studies that utilized the frequency of balanced diets intake as an outcome for healthy Japanese adults were investigated. A logic model was created with reference to behavioral science theories and models. Next, individual measures for each implementing organization were organized using a ladder of interventions. Additionally, local governments' efforts were discussed as part of an action plan for promoting balanced diets.

Results: Five eating behaviors have been identified as intermediate outcomes to achieve the outcome of “increasing the percentage of individuals who eat balanced diets with staple food, main dish, and side dish more than twice a day” in the logic model: increase in the percentage of individuals who “cook,” “eat three meals a day,” “consume rice as their staple food,” “consume vegetables,” and “choose balanced diets.” Multiple measures (levels 4 to 6) that utilize nudges and incentives were proposed in the ladder of interventions organized by implementing organizations. The implementation of the Smart Meal initiative in the region was introduced as part of the action plan.

Conclusion: There were fewer intervention studies promoting the intake of balanced diets compared to studies focusing on foods such as vegetables and salt. Further research on diet-level interventions is needed to promote effective approaches for achieving balanced diets.