Heat Transfer in Laminar Flow with Free Convection through Vertical Pipes with Annular Space

Abstract

Theroretical solutions, experiments and numerical calculations are performed to treat the general case of heat transfer of laminar flow with free convection and the surface-temperature-distribution of pipe-walls varying axially. For the simplicity of numerical calculations, the correcting coefficients are used, and formulas capable of calculation of the influence of free convection are induced, and it is shown that this theory is able to extend also to the case of free convection only.