2002 Volume 68 Issue 672 Pages 2369-2376
In the present study, effects of iso-osmolar alginate and trehalose solutions on electroporated or unpulsed control murine myeloma cells (Sp2) during the freezing-thawing process are discussed. To investigate the effects of each cryoprotectant, the freezing-thawing process of electroporated or intact cells were observed, which were suspended in alginate-NaCl solution, alginate-trehalose solution or trehalose solution. The microscopic observation took place also at various cooling rates (-1°C/min, -90°C/min, -5°C/min). It was found that extracellular ice grains in the solution containing trehalose did not mechanically suppress cells even at lowest cooling rate. Further, only a seldom intracellular ice nucleation was observed at all cooling rate for the pulsed or unpulsed cells which were suspended in trehalose solution.