Abstract
A rare case of occult lung carcinoma in situ of left B3 was reported. A 71-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of positive sputum cytology. Despite detailed bronchoscopic examination, the localization of malignant cells could not be identified. At the annual follow-up during three years, squamous cell carcinoma of the lung was detected by sputum cytology and transbronchial brushing cytology of the left B3. A careful and consecutive follow-up is indispensable in the management of patients with positive sputum cytology and no evidence of cancer.