Socialist Construction in the Mongolian People's Republic

Studies in the Communitist System

Abstract

The new constitution of the Mongolian People's Republic of 1960 declared that it was a socialist country. It needed 40 years to construct its socialism, being a nomadic country, without even one line of railroad nor one modern factory before the revolution. The history of this 40 years can be devided into two parts, the first part (1921-1940) which aimed at anti-feudalistic achievement means confiscation of feudal tenures, and anti-religious movement. The second part (1940-) which aimed at construction of socialism means construction of modern industry, collectivization of the nomadic economy and diffusion of agriculture which they had not known. Therefore it was necessary for them to apply the first (1948-52) and second (1953-57) 5 years plans and first 3 years plan to achieve fundamentally the construction of socialism.
But this socialization was succeeded not by their own capital accumulation but by economic aid of other socialist countries. Especially, Mongolia could not have possibly achieved its socialization without Russian aid which was the biggest given to it. It finally completed collectivization of its nomadic society in 1959 after several failures. This was the most difficult task of the socialization. But the fact that number of livestock has not yet reached the number of the pre-war time might be the sign which indicates that collectivization obstructed the people's will for production. Mongolia is a socialist country, the economy of which depends mostly on agricultural processing and collective stock farming. This socialism only means that there is no private ownership of means of production, and productivity is on a very low level. The third 5 years plan which is now operating is planned for developing the agricultural industry by three times of its present capacity and for increasing cultivated land by three times of the present area. Russian aid also plays a great role in it.