Perspective and Analysis of Constructivism: Case Studies on Conflict of and Alignment of Norms

Norms and International Relations Theory

Abstract

Norms have played an important role in international relations, but it has been difficult to obtain a positive analysis of these norms. To what degree, then, is constructivism effective in analyzing the formation, change, and usage of norms in international relations? In this article, we considered the analytical scope of constructivism as related to norms.
Firstly, we reconfirmed the characteristics of constructivism in this article. Secondly, we reconsidered the significance of constructivism. Here, by considering the questions about constructivism in Japan, we revealed constructivism's significance. In other words, constructivism does not replace conventional theory but is an effective theoretical approach. Also, this constructivism does not aim to be a universal rule, but in order to interpret the significance of the phenomenon, we set out to positively reveal the causation. Thirdly, constructivism, when analyzing international relations and norms, it is possible to reveal the dynamism of norms by associating with the shift in knowledge of each stakeholder.
Finally, in this article, we performed a preliminary case analysis. This analysis suggested that international trade norms and global environment norms are in conflict, and in the process of aligning these norms, environmental NGOs, as norm entrepreneurs, turned this conflict of norms into a political issue. Also, as places of debate are institutionalized for discussion among stakeholders, debates on norms have become more concreted and technical, making it easier to obtain results.