Abstract
The sustainable development policy is a negotiation process among actors. Some are strong, others weak or absent. Some are directly concerned for their social and economic future by the productivity of the natural environment while others not. Some are never present at the negotiation table such as future generations and Nature itself. The Precautionary principle is included in the French Constitutionality Corpus in 2005 but, with some modifications. In particular, the notions of "economically bearable cost" and "effective and proportionate measures" have been added. In that context, the sustainable exploitation of aquatic living resources is more and more difficult to achieve in accordance with the Maximum Sustainable Yield, the level of which continues to decline with the degradation of continental, estuarine and coastal environment under the pressure of many anthropogenic factors. It is the reason why the fisher communities prefer to speak about 'responsible exploitation' rather than 'sustainable exploitation'. A more socio-ecosystem-based approach is needed. This is possible at the local scale for implementation of a genuine environmental governance, （fourth sustainable development component） and to take into account a fifth component which is Culture in the sense of knowledge and know-hows as the expression of intergenerational solidarity.
