Earth science for model theory

A case study of multiple idealizations in the partial melting model

Abstract

Idealized models are commonly used in Earth science. This study examines the function of idealization in modeling by focusing on partial melting models, one of the most successful models in Earth science. Multiple forms of partial melting models exist, and they are used complementarily depending on the research context and target materials. Furthermore, these models function as benchmarks, between which the real target cases are situated. As a result, multiple models constitute the end-members that represent natural phenomena. The widespread use of multiple models in Earth science highlights the significance of multi-model approaches in scientific modeling. Additionally, it demonstrates that Earth science can provide rich case studies for the philosophy of science.