2016 Volume 56 Issue 2 Pages 233-239
In this symposium, we discussed the current status of ungulate management in East Asian countries where ungulates are overabundant. We also discussed future strategies to control ungulate populations by learning precedents from Europe. Hunting is considered to be one important factor for wildlife management systems in European countries. However, problems have become apparent when ungulate population control depends on recreational hunters, because recreational hunters tend to be more interested in their harvest than issues relating to overabundant populations. East Asian countries should recognize this fact as precedence for failure.