Direct Liquid Extraction and Ionization Techniques for Understanding Multimolecular Environment in Biological Systems

Abstract

A combination of a direct liquid extraction using a small volume solvent and the electrospray ionization, is distinguished by its ability to rapid measurement of complex chemical components in biological samples and to visualize their distribution in a tissue section. In this review, the development of techniques and their application to biological research, which has been emerged since the early 2000s, is presented. In addition, an overview of ESI, the ion suppression of the mixture, and the acceleration of the specific chemical reaction in the charged droplet are presented. The future expectation for visualizing the multimolecular environment in biological systems is discussed.