Abstract
The author introduces the protestation made by modern Soviet scholars against the inadequacy of Shirokogoroff's theory of southern origin of the Tungus. Okladnikov, a leading Soviet anthropologist and ethnologist completely criticized Shirokogoroff and Koppers of Wien catholic school who supported his opinion, in the magazine "Sovetskaja Etnografija", No.2-1950. Okladnikoy concludes the Tungus appear as one of the aboriginal races of Pribajkal'e in Siberia. His arguement consists of followings : 1) So-called "dress-coat of the Tungus" connot be considered as a sign of southern origin of this race as Shirokogoroff supposed, but it is a clear reflection of their hunting life in 'tajga' of Siberia since the prehistoric age. 2) The simple and non-reflecting type of bow of the Tungus does not belong to the southern type of bows as Shirokogoroff considered, but it shows only a primitive step of its technology, because simple ones were always discovered accompanied by more advanced complex bows, which are considered as products of some professional bow makers of the race. The simple one must be roughly made by hands of ordinary hunters in their personal need. 3) So-called "snow-glasses" of the Tungus cannot serve as ethnological evidence to show the southern origin of this race, too, as Shirokogoroff believed, because most of the Palaeoasiatic races in North Siberia also have and use it just like as the Tungus. 4) Koppers' opinion which concludes the relativity of the Tungus to the Miao tribe of South China, supporting Shirokogoroff's theory, is quite wrong, because it is apparent that the Miao tribe belongs to the equatorial variation of mankind but the Tungus does to the East-Asiatic group of Mongoloid. 5) The "Glazkovo man", which is a neolithic people of Pribajkal'e, may be seen as one of the proto-Tungus, and this was proved by Soviet scholars analyzing anthropological and archaeological characteristics of its skeletons and burial matters. The recent investigations of Soviet scholars on ornamental things of Glazkovo man and other ancient branches of the "Evenk" from the number of tumulus proved their direct relation to the modern Tungus culture. The author also introduces the detailed description of Tungus costume of Georgi, a writer of 18th century, according to his book, "Opisanije vsekh, obitajushchikh v rossijskom gosudarstve, narodov (The Specification of All Races, Living in the Russian State), 1799". And he concludes that this early description of Georgi also supports a series of conclusions of Okladnikov and Soviet scholars concerring origin of the Tungus (Evenk).
