Abstract
Tissue stem cells differentiate or dedifferentiate differently from germ cells. Germ cells differentiate to maintain homeostasis of the body or species. ES and iPS cells temporally or automatically differentiate to maintain an in vitro culture environment. Thus, the effects of nanomaterials or agents on ES and iPS cell differentiation can be easily examined. Their effects on tissue stem cell differentiation may also be examined. Additionally, today, their effects on dedifferentiation can be examined with various markers. Furthermore, robust differentiation and dedifferentiation mechanisms will be examined, and the involvement of nanomaterials in carcinogenesis will be elucidated.
