Classification of Community Outsiders and Their Modification Based on Resource Ownership and Service Production in Community

Abstract

Over the past decade, community leaders and municipal authorities in Japan have viewed community development as a crucial measure to improve the local economy, enhance community activity, create employment, and increase social capital. It is also widely recognized that community development to require supports especially from an external party. Thus, in this paper, the concept of outsiders or external parties discussed in previous community development studies is reviewed. The author proposed four quadrants model explaining diversities of outsiders. The findings revealed that outsiders to the community including recent proposed “related population” can be classified into four segments by balance of produce and consumption and ownership of local resources. Finally, this study can contribute to the formation of community policy and the development of day-to-day local community management.