Note on Atomic Numbers and Mass Numbers

Abstract

Atomic masses (A) of the most stable nuclides are generally led by linear summations of a pair of proton and neutron (p - n) for nuclides whose atomic numbers (Z) are below 30 and p - n n for those above 30Z nuclides. Binding energies (b. e.) are calculated in conformity of it, and additions of 4b. e.14Z to b. e. of deutrium or tritium, according to whether Z are even or odd, give those of the first 20Z nuclides. LIB. e.14Z are averaged 18 Mev below 20Z and 20 Mev above 25Z, which approximately correspond with binding energies per proton (b. e. p. p.). Binding energies per nucleon (b. e. p. n.) bear the maximum value around 25Z, since b. e. p. n. = b. e. p. n. Z/A. Neutrons increase after additional formulae: 2n are required to combine with every accumulation of lop between 20Z and 40Z nuclear groupings, while neutrons, accumulated beside p n during a compilation of 10 nuclides, are not transferred to the next coming 10Z group before 50Z nuclide is completed. These formulae are crossed with several features in stabilizing nuclides, magic numbers and others. On the basis of these findings the alpha particle theory is hardly acceptable and the coefficient of surface tension in the Bethe equation is found to be overestimated.