Abstract
The verb anu-mod/mud is conjugated in the middle voice as 3 sg. ind. anumodate, 2 pl. ipv. anumodadhvam etc. since the RV. However, there are several active forms such as 1 pl. ind. anumodāmo, 3 sg. opt. anumodet in the metrical and prose portions of the Saddharmapuṇḍarīka-sūtra. Of course, active forms are fairly common in Pāli and BHS literature. So how should we analyze Saddhp III 36a anumodāma, VII 55c anumodāmo and XVIV 3ab anumodāmahe?
This paper concludes that the verb was originally conjugated in the active voice throughout the literature. Not only in the Kashgar manuscript but also in the Gilgit-Nepalese manuscripts, many of them show the active forms. Many of the middle forms in prose are found in the newer manuscripts, and their positions often do not coincide with those in the older manuscripts. Saddhp XVII 1c abhyanumodeyā is the original reading and Gilgit A: 128,6 abhyanumodeta is the result of its Sanskritization.
This paper is one of a series of small attempts to collect material for a future revised edition of the Lotus Sutra.
