Abstract
Although dementia is difficult to treat, because of its progressive and irreversible nature, dementia caused by
normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is expected to be potentially curable
by neurosurgery. Disorders of cognition, gait, and urination represent the three main cardinal symptoms of
NPH, and ventricular enlargement is evident on medical imaging. Idiopathic NPH (iNPH) is observed particularly
among aged patients above 60-years-old, and apparently yields pathognomonic medical images. Many studies
have raised the high expectation that iNPH can be cured by shunt surgery. Consideration should be given to undertaking
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tap testing or CSF shunt surgery when iNPH is suspected based on medical
images and the clinical symptoms.
