Creating a "Learning Through Making" Approach Rich in Trial and Error and Ingenuity

A Challenge Toward School Development that Fosters Creative Thinking

Abstract

This study presents the second-year findings of an ongoing practical research project on fostering creative thinking skills at Ochanomizu University Junior High School. In response to the increasing uncertainty and complexity of modern society, there is a growing need to move beyond traditional knowledge-based education and establish learning environments that encourage trial and error as well as ingenuity. In this research, creative thinking is defined as the ability to generate innovative and effective solutions, advance knowledge, and express impactful ideas. The study explores specific methods for cultivating this ability in students. The research categorizes creative activities into three domains: "expressive creation," "knowledge creation," and "problem-solving." It examines ways to promote creative thinking through practical applications in each domain. Additionally, based on Kaufman and Beghetto’s 4C model of creativity (Big-C, Pro-C, little-c, and mini-c), the study focuses particularly on nurturing everyday creativity (mini-c and little-c) through educational practices. Furthermore, creative thinking processes are structured into four key steps: "noticing problems and ideas," "generating ideas," "implementing ideas," and "reflecting on ideas." The study proposes concrete instructional strategies for each step, emphasizing curriculum design that transcends subject boundaries, student-led classroom activities, and the utilization of school events to create dynamic learning environments. The findings suggest that fostering creative thinking skills requires the development of creative thinking habits, the design of educational activities that integrate subject-based learning with broader school life, and the creation of learning opportunities that incorporate students' perspectives and needs. In the final year of this research, the goal is to consolidate these findings and establish a school-wide curriculum that effectively nurtures creative thinking.