Gender Differences in Determinants of Loss of Social Supports:

Fixed Logit Model for Impacts of Poverty and Unemployment

Abstract

According to social exclusion theory, exclusion at one dimension causes exclusion at another dimension. Thus, exclusion from social relations is caused by unemployment, exclusion from the labor market, or poverty, material exclusion. This assumption is often tested with a cross-sectional dataset, which inevitably involves effects of unobservable heterogeneity of individuals. In this case, effects of unemployment or poverty might reflect unobservable characteristics of those who are unemployed or in poverty which leads exclusion from social relations. As a result, impacts of unemployment or poverty remain unclear. The present research investigates if transition into unemployment or poverty increases risks of exclusion from non-familial social supports. It finds that both of unemployment and poverty increase the risks only for men. Men also suffer higher risks of loss of non-familial social supports as they become older. Getting married increases a possibility of loss of non-familial supports both for men and women. Exclusion at socio-economic dimension does not always increase risks of exclusion from social relations. Only for men, support networks are vulnerable for exclusion at socio-economic dimension.